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For example, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (origin ) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers contains three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three factors: the cube, the mining issue and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our cube consists of the word BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In fact, the cube would contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a deceptively simple test: If the HASH consequence of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, the cube is considered verified.

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For our example, lets say that we've a mining difficulty of just two, ie, our HASH should start with two zeros. .

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The problem: BUTTERFLY will return the same HASH, and it doesnt start with two zeros. Thus what we need is your third factor, a random number (called a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one little number changes the whole HASH outcome, there is no method to predict the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that starts with two zeros. That number is your solution to the block. Here are some tries:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is the thing that makes bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive procedure, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. As of November 2017, a normal home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, could take 2.7 million years to mine one block. .

This has led to the rise of ASIC computers constructed specifically for mining and also to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the first days of bitcoin, mining difficulty was low and not a lot of miners were competing for cubes and rewards. This made it worthwhile to utilize your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to check this mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.

GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a powerful processor whose sole purpose is to help your computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not constructed for executive decisions (like CPUs) but to be somewhat good labourers, hence GPUs are able to execute over 800 times more instructions in precisely the exact same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are processors that can be programmed click this link to perform specific instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, like GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Comparable to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are processors designed for a specific purpose, in our case mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they're the best processors out there for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in power consumption. .

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Mining pools. To offset the problem of mining a block, miners started organising in cloud or pools mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools solves a block, the reward is shared with everyone in the swimming pool in a ratio representative of just how much work you put into the pool (even though you personally never solved the puzzle). .

Cloud mining. Clouds provide potential miners the capability to purchase mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious beingno energy costs, no excess heat and nothing to sell when you opt to hang your virtual pickaxe.

Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this electronic key to access and validate or approve transactions.

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Desktop pockets. Software like Bitcoin Core allows you to send and store bitcoin addresses and also connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange programs such as Coinbase or Circle and can be retrieved from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Programs like Blockchain store and encrypt your bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your mobile device.

Paper wallets. Some websites provide paper wallet solutions, generating a bit of paper using just two QR codes on it. One code is your public address at which you receive bitcoin and the other is your private address you can use for spending.